Influence of dietary supplementation of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) on histopathology and serum biochemistry in Diabetic Rats

The goal of this study was to determine histopathology some biochemical activities of two concentrations of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) on normal and diabetic rats for 30 successive days . Forty mature rats of an average body weight of (150-180 gm ) were divided into 4 groups 10 rats each.(G1) control ,(G2) diabetic control group injected intrapretonial by alloxan in a dose 150 mg/kg b.wt .(G3)diabetic rats fed on basal diet mixed with 1% dried Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.),( G4)diabetic rats fed on basal diet mixed with 2% dried Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) .At the end of the experiment , blood samples were collected to separate serum by centrifugation to determine some biochemical parameters , some oxidative markers , relative organs weights and histopathology of liver, kidney and pancreas were conducted at the end of the study . Rats were sacrificed for obtaining tissues samples (liver, Kidney and pancreases) for histopathological examination and organs were weighed to determine relative organs weight. Results revealed that there were a significant decrease of serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol, triglyceride ,urea and glucose as well as MDA than diabetic control groups at P<0.05. On the other hand result showed no effect on albumin ,globulin and A/G ratio. While catalase enzyme activity showed a significant increase than control diabetic rats . The relative organs weight in (G3)and (G4) returned toward normal values. Conclusively , feeding of Garden cress at both concentrations for diabetic male had a beneficial practical tool to minimize the effect of diabetes without any adverse effect on metabolic parameters and organs weight of rats. Keyword: Alloxan, Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), Histopathological examination, Biochemical parameters Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia linked with total or partial deficiencies in insulin secretion or Egypt. J. Chem. Environ. Health, 3 (1):1-19 (2017) On line ISSN: 2536-9164. 2 function. It is one of the most frequent chronic diseases affecting millions of people globally leading to morbidity and mortality worldwide particularly in developing countries of Africa, Asia, and South America (Ping, et al 2010, and Cazzola and Estaro, 2014). Diabetes mellitus is considered an extended chronic metabolic disease that causes several other complications, such as cardiovascular diseases; fixed cost used for its treatment placed a huge burden on the economy and health systems worldwide (Prabhakar and Doble,2011 and Lu,et al ,2012). Traditional medicines and plant-based systems continue to play an essential role in healthcare (Ranilla et al, 2010). Cinnamon and Garden cress seeds are members of a list containing 150 plants which are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (Eddouks et al ,2005) Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. In addition, various biochemical disorders associated with vascular complications such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress frequently coexist with diabetes mellitus (DM) (Mosaad and Abd Allah 2004). Medicinal plants continue to provide valuable therapeutic agents, in both modern traditional and medicine system. The doubts about the efficacy and safety of the oral hypoglycemic agents have prompted a search for safer and more effective drugs in the treatment of DM (Eldemerdash et al., 2005). In spite of the fact that insulin has become one of the most important therapeutic agents known to medicine researchers. It has been making efforts to find insulin substitutes for synthetic or plant sources for the treatment of diabetes. Many herbs have remained as an alternative to conventional therapy especially in poor areas where insulin is not readily available. (Sanchez et al., 1994). Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) has been widely used to treat a number of ailments in traditional system of medicine. Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) is a fastgrowing edible herb that belongs to the family Cruciferae (Brassicaceae; or Mustard family), and is being cultivated as culinary vegetable in North America, Europe, and all over Asia including India (Nadkarni, 1976). This is a popular herbal plant grown in many regions of Saudi Arabia, such as Hijaz, AL-Qaseem, and the Eastern Province and is called “Habel Rashaad” or “Thufa” (Ageel et al., 1987; Rahman et al., 2004). In Europe and America, the leaves are used in salad. In various countries of Africa, Lepidium sativum seeds are thought to be an effective medicinal remedy to cure respiratory disorders, like bronchitis and asthma (Kloos, 1976; Nadkarni, 1976). The edible whole seed is known to have health promoting properties hence; it was assumed that these seeds can serve as raw material for functional foods; its peppery tangy flavor and aroma (Snehal et al., 2012; Rehman et al., 2012). L. sativum plant is known to contain ascorbic acid. Seeds of L. sativum contain Egypt. J. Chem. Environ. Health, 3 (1):1-19 (2017) On line ISSN: 2536-9164. 3 carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid, riboflavin, niacin, flavonoids, isothiocynates glycoside, essential aromatic oils, and fatty oils (Nadakarni, 1976). Garden cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) contains mucilage in its dry seed coat that has been isolated using dissimilar solvents and utilized by researchers as an excipient in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations for preferred functionality (Prajapati et al, 2014) it showed that Garden cress seed( L. sativum) have antiasthmatic (Paranjape and Mehta, 2006), bronchodilator (Mali et al., 2008), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticoagulant (Al-Yahya et al., 1994), antirheumatic (Ahsan et al., 1989), hypoglycemic (Patole, 1998), laxative, prokinetic (Rehman et al., 2011), antihypertensive (Maghrani et al., 2005) and diuretic (Patel et al., 2009) activities. . It also has antihyperglycemic properties which help to control glucose level in diabetics (Behrouzian et al ,2014and Hassan et al,2015). The seeds of L. sativumare aperient, diuretic, tonic, demulcent, carminative, galactagogue, and emmenagogue, are used to induce an abortion,and also possess antibacterial and antifungal properties (Bansal, et al 2012). The present study aimed to estimate the stimulation of the pancreas by the antidiabetic effect of 1 and 2% of garden cress seed (Lepidium sativum) and histopathological changes in male rats with alloxan induced diabetes. Materials and Methods